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Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, the second child of Martin Luther King Sr., a pastor, and Alberta Williams King, a former schoolteacher. The events in Selma deepened a growing rift between Martin Luther King, Jr. and young radicals who repudiated his nonviolent methods and commitment to working within the established political framework. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., graduated from Morehouse College (B.A., 1948), Crozer Theological Seminary (B.D., 1951), and Boston University (Ph.D., 1955). The final section of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s eloquent and iconic “I Have a Dream” speech is believed to have been largely improvised. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking before some 25,000 Selma-to-Montgomery civil rights marchers outside the Alabama state capitol building on March 25, 1965, in Montgomery. Arrested for his involvement on April 12, King penned the civil rights manifesto known as the “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” an eloquent defense of civil disobedience addressed to a group of white clergymen who had criticized his tactics. On April 4, 1968, the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr, who was shot while standing on a balcony outside his second-floor room at the Lorraine … READ MORE: 7 Things You May Not Know About MLK’s ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech. Martin Luther King, Jr., was a Baptist minister and social rights activist in the United States in the 1950s and ’60s. “If you can't fly then run, if you can't run then walk, if you can't walk then crawl, but whatever you do … At the Atlanta premier of the movie Gone with the Wind, Martin sang with his church choir. I Have a Dream Song. The Ronnie Lott Director, Martin Luther King, Jr., Research & Education Institute, and Martin Luther King Jr. Centennial Professor, Stanford University. See more ideas about martin luther king, martin luther king day, mlk jr. In 1953 King married Coretta Scott, and the two had four children: Yolanda, Martin Luther III, Dexter Scott, and Bernice. His strong belief in nonviolent protest helped set the tone of the movement. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, and, at the time, he was the youngest person to have done so. For it isn't by size that you win or fail. Activists coordinated a bus boycott that would continue for 381 days. King sought equality and human rights for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and all victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He later recanted his confession and gained some unlikely advocates, including members of the King family, before his death in 1998. They chose Martin Luther King, Jr. as the protest’s leader and official spokesman. During a month-long trip to India in 1959, he had the opportunity to meet family members and followers of Gandhi, the man he described in his autobiography as “the guiding light of our technique of nonviolent social change.” King also authored several books and articles during this time. Martin Luther King Song! Committed to fighting racial inequality, Mays accused the African American community of complacency in the face of oppression, and he prodded the Black church into social action by criticizing its emphasis on the hereafter instead of the here and now; it was a call to service that was not lost on the teenage King. He never forgot the time when, at about age six, one of his white playmates announced that his parents would no longer allow him to play with King, because the children were now attending segregated schools. The civil rights movement had lost more than its fair share of heroes by 1968. But when Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was gunned down on the balcony of a Memphis hotel on April 4 of that year, it seemed like the death knell for ...read more, Had Martin Luther King, Jr. not been killed as he stood on the Lorraine Motel’s second-floor balcony on that spring evening in 1968, it’s almost certain that the Baptist preacher would have remained a powerful voice against injustice. His leadership was fundamental to that movement’s success in ending the legal segregation of African Americans in the South and other parts of the United States. He graduated from Morehouse in 1948. Many will spend Monday as a day ...read more, Emmett Till. Update: The Martin Luther KIng, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University has audio of the entire address here. He skipped two years of school and went to university when he was 15. Later that year, Martin Luther King, Jr. worked with a number of civil rights and religious groups to organize the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, a peaceful political rally designed to shed light on the injustices Black Americans continued to face across the country. © 2021 A&E Television Networks, LLC. A gifted student, King attended segregated public schools and at the age of 15 was admitted to Morehouse College, the alma mater of both his father and maternal grandfather, where he studied medicine and law. Don't lose sight of the dream. The King family had been living in Montgomery for less than a year when the highly segregated city became the epicenter of the burgeoning struggle for civil rights in America, galvanized by the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954. According to the King Center, the civil rights leader went to jail … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. New Georgia Encyclopedia - History and Archaeology - Biography of Martin Luther King Jr. National Archives - Findings on MLK Assassination. Medgar Evers. As more militant Black leaders such as Stokely Carmichael rose to prominence, King broadened the scope of his activism to address issues such as the Vietnam War and poverty among Americans of all races. His most famous work is his “I Have a Dream” speech, delivered in 1963, in which he spoke of his dream of a United States that is void of segregation and racism. In 1934, however, his father, a pastor at Atlanta’s Ebenezer Baptist Church, traveled to Germany and became inspired by the Protestant Reformation leader Martin ...read more, On January 15, the United States celebrates Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, 50 years on from his assassination in 1968. Assassinated in 1968, King led a brief life filled with many great accomplishments, working to promote equal treatment of all races. King survived, and the attempted assassination only reinforced his dedication to nonviolence: “The experience of these last few days has deepened my faith in the relevance of the spirit of nonviolence, if necessary social change is peacefully to take place.”, READ MORE: Why MLK's Right-Hand Man, Bayard Rustin, Was Nearly Written Out of History. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929. Flush with victory, African American civil rights leaders … Before beginning college, however, King spent the summer on a tobacco farm in Connecticut; it was his first extended stay away from home and his first substantial experience of race relations outside the segregated South. His parents were college-educated, and King’s father had succeeded his father-in-law as pastor of the prestigious Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. He was instrumental in the Memphis sanitation workers’ strike, the Montgomery bus boycott, and the March on Washington. Martin Luther King, Jr., is known for his contributions to the American civil rights movement in the 1960s. King knew that storms pass and that joy comes in ...read more, On Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, the entire nation pauses in remembrance of a civil rights hero. Martin Luther King, Jr., original name Michael King, Jr., (born January 15, 1929, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.—died April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tennessee), Baptist minister and social activist who led the civil rights movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. Martin Luther King Jr., plus couramment appelé Martin Luther King, né à Atlanta, en Géorgie, le 15 janvier 1929, et mort assassiné le 4 avril 1968 à Memphis, dans le Tennessee, est un pasteur, baptiste et militant non-violent afro-américain pour le mouvement des droits civiques des noirs américains aux États-Unis, fervent militant pour la paix et contre la pauvreté. READ MORE: Why Martin Luther King’s Family Believes James Earl Ray Was Not His Killer. He was shocked by how peacefully the races mixed in the North. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.”, “The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.”, “Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.”, “The time is always right to do what is right.”, "True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice. “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.”The speech that remains Martin Luther King Jr.’s most famous oration — one of the most famous orations in American history, if not world history — is that well-known for a good reason, Calloway-Thomas says. Martin Luther King was a sexual predator, newly-released FBI evidence suggests Martin Luther King was a sexual predator, newly … Stanford University - The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. Nobelprize.org - Biography of Martin Luther King Jr. BlackPast.org - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. Westminster Abbey - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. Encyclopedia of Alabama - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. United States History - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. University of Kentucky - Martin Luther King Center - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Martin Luther King, Jr. - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). While his “I Have a Dream” speech is the most well-known piece of his writing, Martin Luther King, Jr. was the author of multiple books, include “Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story,” “Why We Can’t Wait,” “Strength to Love,” “Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community?” and the posthumously published “Trumpet of Conscience” with a foreword by Coretta Scott King. The Kiboomers! Boycotts, protests, and marches were eventually effective, and much legislation was passed against racial discrimination. In America there is a holiday called Martin Luther King Day. Captured on television, the brutal scene outraged many Americans and inspired supporters from across the country to gather in Alabama and take part in the Selma to Montgomery march led by King and supported by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who sent in federal troops to keep the peace. Martin Luther King Jr. Biographical M artin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. By 19, he received a bachelor’s degree in sociology. According to Garrow, Martin Luther King, Jr. was present in a hotel room when his friend and fellow pastor Logan Kearse — who died in 1991 — raped a … “Negroes and whites go [to] the same church,” he noted in a letter to his parents. A Baptist minister and founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), King had led the civil rights movement since ...read more, Every night in November 1968, National Guardsmen circled the streets in Wilmington, Delaware, armed with loaded rifles and ready to put down racial violence in the city’s most impoverished neighborhoods. His honeymoon was spent at a funeral parlor. Martin Luther King Obama Wall Art - 8x10 Dream Photo Poster - Unique Home Decor or Gift - MLK, Black History Month, African American, Civil Rights, Pride, Teacher, Classroom - … An hour later, King died at St. Joseph’s hospital. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. He was fatally shot while standing on the balcony of a motel in Memphis, where King had traveled to support a sanitation workers’ strike. If you can't be a highway, just be a trail. On the evening of April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King was assassinated. The holiday honoring King is often celebrated as the MLK Day of Service, a reflection of his legacy of addressing social problems through collective action. The son of the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, King was ordained in 1947 and became (1954) minister of a Baptist church in Montgomery, Ala. Along with his older sister Christine and younger brother Alfred Daniel Williams, he grew up in the city’s Sweet Auburn neighborhood, then home to some of the most prominent and prosperous African Americans in the country. The SCLC motto was “Not one hair of one head of one person should be harmed.” King would remain at the helm of this influential organization until his death. Luther King was originally christened Michael King Jr. (his father’s birth name). Young Martin received a solid education and grew up in a loving extended family. The speech and march cemented King’s reputation at home and abroad; later that year he was named “Man of the Year” by TIME magazine and in 1964 became, at the time, the youngest person ever awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. King also advocated for nonviolent methods of protest, and he organized and staged countless marches and boycotts. On September 20, 1958, Izola Ware Curry walked into a Harlem department store where King was signing books and asked, “Are you Martin Luther King?” When he replied “yes,” she stabbed him in the chest with a knife. Martin Luther King Jr. was targeted by the FBI for being “the most dangerous Negro of the future in … Hate is too great a burden to bear.”, “Be a bush if you can't be a tree. In the United States he is memorialized on the third Monday of January every year—Martin Luther King, Jr., Day, which was first observed as a federal holiday in 1986. King’s birth name was Michael, not Martin. Corrections? Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have … In 1960 King and his family moved to Atlanta, his native city, where he joined his father as co-pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church. Martin Luther King, Jr. Hill Together Day I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for law. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a social activist and Baptist minister who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. Martin Luther King, Jr. - Martin Luther King, Jr. - Historical significance and legacy: In the years after his death, King remained the most widely known African American leader of his era. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, secretary of the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery bus and was arrested. His final words were to ask for a beautiful song to be played the evening of his death He advocated for peaceful approaches to some of society’s biggest problems. King was imprisoned nearly 30 times. Dearest to King in these early years was his maternal grandmother, whose death in 1941 left him shaken and unstable. His father was the minister of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta—the same church where Martin Luther King, Jr., would eventually minister. Held on August 28 and attended by some 200,000 to 300,000 participants, the event is widely regarded as a watershed moment in the history of the American civil rights movement and a factor in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Martin Luther King, Jr., grew up as the middle child of Michael (later Martin Luther) King, Sr., and Alberta Williams King. Childhood Martin Luther King. Upset because he had learned of her fatal heart attack while attending a parade without his parents’ permission, the 12-year-old King attempted suicide by jumping from a second-story window. His leadership was fundamental to that movement’s success in ending the legal segregation of African Americans in the South and other parts of the United States. The family lived on Auburn Avenue, otherwise known as “Sweet Auburn,” the bustling “Black Wall Street,” home to some of the country’s largest and most prosperous Black businesses and Black churches in the years before the civil rights movement. At Morehouse, King favoured studies in medicine and law, but these were eclipsed in his senior year by a decision to enter the ministry, as his father had urged. Observed on the third Monday of January, Martin Luther King Day was first celebrated in 1986. “I never [thought] that a person of my race could eat anywhere.” This summer experience in the North only deepened King’s growing hatred of racial segregation. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This is why right, temporarily defeated, is stronger than evil triumphant. In the spring of 1965, King’s elevated profile drew international attention to the violence that erupted between white segregationists and peaceful demonstrators in Selma, Alabama, where the SCLC and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) had organized a voter registration campaign. In 1944, at age 15, King entered Morehouse College in Atlanta under a special wartime program intended to boost enrollment by admitting promising high-school students like King. Their philosophy of nonviolence was put to a particularly severe test during the Birmingham campaign of 1963, in which activists used a boycott, sit-ins and marches to protest segregation, unfair hiring practices and other injustices in one of America’s most racially divided cities. King’s mentor at Morehouse was the college president, Benjamin Mays, a social gospel activist whose rich oratory and progressive ideas had left an indelible imprint on King’s father. Updates? He organized a number of marches and protests and was a key figure in the American civil rights movement. He was a leader of the American civil rights movement. Must-Reads. Although he had not intended to follow in his father’s footsteps by joining the ministry, he changed his mind under the mentorship of Morehouse’s president, Dr. Benjamin Mays, an influential theologian and outspoken advocate for racial equality. If you can't fly then run, if you can't run then walk, if you can't walk then crawl, but whatever you do … That August, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act, which guaranteed the right to vote—first awarded by the 15th Amendment—to all African Americans. Martin Luther King had his first experience of segregation at just six years old, when he was told he … Two of his friends did not show up to play ball with him and Martin decided to go looking for them. He was the son of Alberta Christine (Williams), a schoolteacher, and Martin Luther King Sr., a pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Dr. King's Nieces and Nephews . People had gathered to hear Martin Luther King, Jr., who was back in Memphis to offer inspiration for an ongoing struggle that had celebrated recent victories. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He earned a bachelor of divinity degree in 1951. Standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial—a monument to the president who a century earlier had brought down the institution of slavery in the United States—he shared his vision of a future in which “this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'”. Dr. King has one grandchild: Yolanda Renee King. The intention behind the holiday is to commemorate this great man’s life, and recommit to his call to fight for justice everywhere. Every so often, they’d stop to hassle Black residents, using racial slurs to ...read more, The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States. Be the best of whatever you are.”, “Life's most persistent and urgent question is, 'What are you doing for others?’”, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His death sparked riots across the country. King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and is remembered each year on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, a U.S. federal holiday since 1986. Martin Luther King, Jr., Baptist minister and social activist who led the U.S. civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his death in 1968. The Kings had four children: Yolanda Denise King, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King and Bernice Albertine King. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, an event that sent shock waves reverberating around the world. Dr. King's Grandchildren. The March on Washington culminated in King’s most famous address, known as the “I Have a Dream” speech, a spirited call for peace and equality that many consider a masterpiece of rhetoric. 1 Amos 5:24 (rendered precisely in The American Standard Version of the Holy Bible) 2 Isaiah 40:4-5 (King James Version of the Holy Bible). For Martin the civil rights movement began one summer in 1935 when he was six years old. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, the second child of Martin Luther King Sr., a pastor, and Alberta Williams King, a former schoolteacher. While in Boston he met Coretta Scott, a young singer from Alabama who was studying at the New England Conservatory of Music. Did you know? After years of campaigning by activists, members of Congress and Coretta Scott King, among others, in 1983 President Ronald Reagan signed a bill creating a U.S. federal holiday in honor of King. In 1967, King and the SCLC embarked on an ambitious program known as the Poor People’s Campaign, which was to include a massive march on the capital. Martin Luther King, Jr., was standing on a motel balcony in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, when he was shot by James Earl Ray. Renowned for his oratorical skills, King was elected president of Crozer’s student body, which was composed almost exclusively of white students. This new position did not stop King and his SCLC colleagues from becoming key players in many of the most significant civil rights battles of the 1960s. In the wake of his death, a wave of riots swept major cities across the country, while President Johnson declared a national day of mourning. The MLK tapes: Secret FBI recordings accuse Martin Luther King Jr of watching and laughing as a pastor raped a woman, having 40 extramarital affairs - and they are under lock in a … He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. Here are some of the most famous Martin Luther King, Jr. quotes: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”, “Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Dr. King has seven nieces and nephews. Emboldened by the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, in 1957 he and other civil rights activists—most of them fellow ministers—founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a group committed to achieving full equality for African Americans through nonviolent protest.
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